There are many pulmonary infectious diseases caused by such as bacterial, mycotic, &
viral origin.
Author intended to describe the outline of modern microbiological examination and its
clinical evaluation, particulary, general bacteria, mycobacteria and fungus for sputum so
far.
It is true that the value of direct smear is very limited.
For instance, positive acid fast bacilli or spirochaetes & fusiformis symbiosis on smear
has their own diagnostic values respectively.
However, the identification of microorganisms could not be expected without the
culture of the microorganisms.
New methods for drug susceptibility test for general bacteria and mycobacteria is
introduced in detail.
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